Ordinary smartphone users typically spend around three to four hours a day browsing the web, searching for information, and engaging with various apps. These activities rely heavily on high-speed internet access, which is made possible by 4G and 4G LTE wireless technologies. As we transition into the 5G era, the next generation of wireless standards is being developed to support even more advanced mobile broadband experiences and extend cellular technology across nearly every industry.
But where do these technical standards come from? Who creates them, and how are they maintained over time? Despite their huge impact, many people are still unaware of how 3GPP operates or what role it plays in shaping the future of mobile communication. Even within the mobile industry, there are many misconceptions about 3GPP, and few truly understand its structure and influence.
Understanding how 3GPP develops 4G and 5G standards is becoming increasingly important as the mobile ecosystem expands beyond smartphones. From connected cars and public safety systems to the growing Internet of Things (IoT), more industries are now closely tied to the 3GPP ecosystem. This expansion means that more players—both big and small—are involved in shaping the future of wireless technology.
The shift from 4G LTE to 5G represents a major turning point in the industry. As standards evolve, new technologies are driving innovation across multiple sectors. And because 3GPP relies on contributions from companies like Qualcomm, it also helps these firms maintain a leading position in the development of next-generation wireless solutions.
With the arrival of 5G, the ecosystem is set for significant growth. 5G extends mobile capabilities into new industries, new spectrum bands, new deployment models, and new user experiences. This broad expansion makes it more crucial than ever for 3GPP members to guide the direction of the cellular industry.
Common Misunderstandings About 3GPP
1. 3GPP develops technical specifications, not standards. 3GPP is an engineering organization that creates detailed technical specifications. These are then translated into official standards by seven regional standards organizations (SSOs) that are part of the 3GPP partnership. Each SSO is also responsible for managing intellectual property (IPR) policies related to the standards.
2. 3GPP is a member-driven organization. All of 3GPP’s engineering work is driven by its global members, including companies and research institutions. While group chairs are selected from member companies, they act in the best interest of the entire organization, ensuring fairness and transparency in decision-making.
3. 3GPP's work is decentralized but well-coordinated. Although 3GPP divides its work into specialized groups, it maintains overall control through a structured process. The organization has 16 working groups (WGs) and three Technical Specification Groups (TSGs), each responsible for different aspects of the standardization process, such as radio frequency, security, and network architecture.
5G marks a major technological leap, offering enhanced performance and efficiency for today’s mobile services while enabling a wide range of new use cases. Since 2016, 3GPP has been actively developing 5G NR (new radio) and 5G NextGen to meet global requirements. At the same time, 4G LTE continues to evolve, playing a key role in the future of 5G networks. In fact, 4G and 5G are expected to coexist and be submitted together to meet ITU’s IMT-2020 goals.
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