As one of the key development areas of "Made in China 2025", robots are the key supporting equipment for digitalization and intelligence in the manufacturing industry, and have great development potential. In April this year, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Ministry of Finance jointly issued the "Robot Industry Development Plan (2016-2020)", proposing that by 2020, China's key components of robots must achieve major breakthroughs, and the annual production of self-owned brand industrial robots will reach 10 Wantai.
Under the dual benefits of the market and policies, the domestic robot market is heating up rapidly and the robot industry is developing rapidly. In 2015, China's industrial robot market has reached 68,000 units, accounting for a quarter of global sales, ranking first in the global market for three consecutive years. The industry expects that the total scale of China's industrial robot market will reach 600 billion yuan in the next 10 years.
However, behind the booming industry and market, various problems in the disorderly development of the robot industry have gradually begun to emerge, and three major hidden dangers have emerged, which need to be highly valued.
First, beware of the industrial bubble. According to statistics, 28 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government have listed robots and key components as development priorities. By the end of 2015, there were more than 40 robotic industrial parks built and under construction in the country, and it did not include the number of parks under preparation; the number of industrial robot-related enterprises reached more than 1,000, and there were more than 100 listed companies with robot concepts. The robotics companies have become the guests of local governments. Regardless of whether there are development conditions in the local area, they have strongly supported the funds, land and policies, which has led the robot industry to follow suit blindly. In addition, the investment in robot industry and M&A funds led by listed companies are also increasing, and some of them rely on the concept of speculation.
The second is to break through the core technology restrictions. The development and manufacture of industrial robots is an extremely complex system engineering involving hardware, software, algorithms, applications and many other fields. Among them, the most core components are servo motors, reducers and controllers. At present, in the cost structure of the robot, it is about such a ratio: 35% of the reducer, 20% of the servo motor, 15% of the controller, 15% of the machined body, and the remaining 15% is mainly applied. The key components required for the manufacture of robots in China account for a relatively high proportion: 80% to 90% of the reducer, 60% to 70% of the servo motor, and 40% to 50% of the controller, making the domestic enterprises have to be high. Nearly 3 times the price of foreign countries to buy speed reducers, nearly 2 times the price of the purchase of servo motors, resulting in the domestic robots manufacturing costs are generally higher, in the competition is at a disadvantage, the company's profitability is not optimistic.
The third is to avoid low-end industries. In the entire industrial robot industry chain, the upper, middle and lower reaches are parts, ontology and integration, while most of our enterprises are still concentrated in the integration end, mainly in assembly and processing, and the products are mainly concentrated in three-axis and four-axis. The field of low-end robots. Relatively complex multi-joint robots, especially in the high-end industrial robot market of six-axis or above in high-end industries such as automobile manufacturing and welding, foreign companies still occupy more than 90% of the domestic market. In the high-end industry of robots, we are locked in the low-end segment, and profits are mainly taken away by foreign companies. Most domestic companies only earn some processing fees. Moreover, the more this is the case, the more homogenous competition between enterprises is, and it is easy to fall into the quagmire of low-end price wars.
Robots are the “Pearl of the Crown of Manufacturingâ€, and its R&D, manufacturing and application are important indicators for measuring the level of technological innovation and high-end manufacturing in a country. In the face of the booming robot industry, we need to maintain a clear-headed mind, anticipate possible situations, and create a good environment for the development of the robot industry from planning, systems, policies, and funds, and effectively help and support enterprises. Develop core technologies, build well-known brands, and promote the stable and long-term development of the robot industry.
(The author is a professor of economics at the Party School of Wuxi Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China)
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