I. Overview
(1) Standards for domestic road lighting
The latest version of the road lighting standard in China is the 2006 version of the CJJ45 “Urban Road Design Standardâ€. It is combined with the contents of the relevant documents of CIE and IESNA. In view of the fact that the technology of LED is still not mature at that time, the noun of LED in the file is normal, of course, it is impossible to use the characteristics of LED dimming in text. Make relevant explanations in the middle. Therefore, measures for energy conservation can only be limited to the light efficiency of the light source and improve the utilization of light.
(2) Problems with LED street light applications
LED lighting is an emerging industry. Looking at it, it is a 2Ï€ light source, which has the advantage that traditional light sources can't match in the utilization of luminous flux. Therefore, when the energy efficiency is comparable to that of high-quality sodium lamps, it is still very good. However, there is a difference between theory and practice. Many places have been doing it without trial. Under some imperfect or irrational driving, many domestic enterprises have invested, after a few years, not Less companies are entering a dilemma, with only a few successes.
Due to the distance and practical deficiencies in the understanding of road lights and road lighting, and for various reasons, it has encountered many difficulties and it is very difficult to promote. At present, it seems that there are mainly the following problems: energy efficiency, light decay, interchangeability, reliability, etc., which leads to the current state of progress in many places in China is not ideal; it seems that it is not easy to get this piece of cake.
(3) Small amount of entry of other light source street lamps
In the case of LED street lights, some companies that manufacture other light sources have entered the industry. There are other new light sources such as ceramic metal halide lamps and electrodeless fluorescent lamps, which are trying to replace HPS (high-pressure sodium lamps). There are also implementation cases. However, it seems that in addition to ceramic metal halide lamps (similar to the low color temperature white light of Philips cosmopolies), promotion is difficult and there is an increasing trend. In the Haining City of Zhejiang Province, thousands of ceramic metal halide lamps were used and installed on motor vehicles and small roads.
(4) The intensity of government and organization involvement in the world is not small
At present, there are about 2.2 billion street lamps in the world, and the number is very large. If there is improvement and improvement in this area, it is undoubtedly a good topic for environmental protection and green emission reduction. Today, the 40 cities of the world's 40 cities are encouraged by New York City Mayor Glenn Bock. activity.
Different cities have different ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The change of road lighting source is an important means and content. For example, Los Angeles, California, USA and Anchorage, Alaska, need to replace 160,000 HIDs. The streetlight is an LED streetlight. This is the message from the Mayor of February 16, 2009, the mayor of Antonio Villaraigosa, and the former President Clinton’s multi-city climate reduction meeting at the Clinton Foundation. At present, Los Angeles has replaced more than 60,000 street lights as LED street lights.
The LED light source is a product being tested and promoted, and the color temperature used has gradually decreased from the original high color temperature of the pursuit of high efficiency, from the original 6000K to the current 4000K or lower. The use of induction lamps for roads such as auxiliary roads, non-motor vehicle lanes and residential areas has also been reported, but the total number of uses and places is small, far less than CPO and less than LEDs.
Another kind of LEP (Infinite Metal Halide Lamp) is also known, but the application is rarely reported.
Figure 5 Report on the use of CMH as a street light source in Chicago
3. LED street light products adopted in foreign countries in recent years
LED light sources for street lamps have three notable trends abroad:
(1) In the form of using LED light source, in order to facilitate maintenance, the trend of adopting modularization is becoming clearer. The most representative organization is ZHAGA, and the representative form is BOOK4.
(2) The surface shape is simple and easy to maintain. The DOE's entry road (gateway) is a road light. The PHILIPS LED light is more representative of the RoadView series, as well as the British-made Woodhouse and URBIS street lights.
(3) Most of the street lamps currently in use are used for auxiliary roads, not roads running high-speed motor vehicles, and most of them replace 250WHPS.
Figure 6: Report on ceramic metal halide lamps used in the United States (RIO of venturelighting).
4. Entering the road lighting standards in Europe, America and internationally after the 21st century
(1 Overview
Road lighting standards are the most important technical support to guide the development and development of road lighting design and lighting equipment. Throughout the more than half a century of road lighting standards, we can see the changes and development trends of people's perception of road lighting. Table 2 lists some of the changes.
The development and advancement of road lighting is inseparable from the development of transportation and the improvement of vehicle technology, and is also related to the increasingly busy urban transportation network. Since the earliest 1960s, the road lighting standard for the evaluation system on the road surface began to gradually improve to the brightness evaluation of the road surface of the motor vehicle and the illumination evaluation of the non-mixed road. Recognize the improvement of depth and the improvement of measurement indicators. After entering the 21st century, for road lighting, green requirements and low-carbon technologies have gradually developed into the main theme of technical work. According to the analysis, from the perspective of deep understanding, the lighting level on a road should not be static. That is, the brightness and darkness of the road at night will remain unchanged and it is not in line with the energy demand. It should be related to traffic flow, traffic speed and road surface. The combination of factors such as the state and the surrounding environment, together with many factors such as personal safety and accident rate, are considered together. Especially on almost all roads, traffic flow will fluctuate greatly with time. The existing lighting method is precisely that after turning on the lights, the lights are not turned off or adjusted until dawn. At present, even if there is a half-power control method at night, most of them are timed, and have nothing to do with traffic flow.
The formulation of the new standard lays a theoretical foundation for the energy saving of road lighting, making the road lighting intelligent into reality. At the same time, the update of lighting equipment (street lights and control systems) points out the direction and proposes new topics. And the content, so that the original seemingly traditional and unchanging old industry gives new meaning and rejuvenates youthful vitality.
In addition, the calculation of the intermediate visual contribution of the white light source considered in the two standards published in the UK in the past decade (2003 edition and 2013 edition) has changed from a relatively coarse method to a more quantitative one. The move has not yet responded in other countries, and it is estimated that there will be convergence in the future.
Figure 7: PHILIPS application Cosmo polies luminaires.
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