As a link between the connection sensing layer and the network layer, the IoT gateway can implement the protocol conversion between the sensing network and the communication network, and different types of sensing networks. It can realize wide-area interconnection and local area interconnection. In the wireless sensor network, the IoT gateway is an indispensable core device. In addition, the IoT gateway needs to have the device management function. The operator can manage the underlying sensing nodes through the IoT gateway device, understand the related information of each node, and realize remote control.
The shape of the IoT gateway From the definition of the IoT gateway, the IoT gateway is difficult to appear in a relatively fixed form. Generally speaking, any device that can transmit the information collected by the sensing layer to the Internet through the protocol conversion of the terminal can be regarded as an IoT gateway. The shape may be a box shape or a tablet computer, and may have an interactive form of a display screen or a closed or semi-closed non-interactive form. The key technologies of the IoT gateway include two aspects.
1. Multi-standard interworking access capability: There are many technical standards currently used for short-range communication. Common sensor network technologies include ZigBee, Z-Wave, RUBEE, WirelessHART, IETF6IowPAN, Wibree, and the like. Various technologies are mainly developed for a certain type of application, and there is a lack of compatibility and system planning. For example, Z-Wave is mainly used in wireless smart home networks , RUBEE is suitable for harsh environments, and WirelessHART is mainly concentrated in industrial monitoring. Realizing the interconnection and intercommunication of various communication technology standards has become a problem that the Internet of Things gateway must solve. Is to design a separate gateway for each standard, and then through the unified interface between the gateways; or use the standard adaptation layer, different technical standards to develop the corresponding interface implementation?
2. Manageability of the gateway: The IoT gateway acts as a network element connected to the network, and must have certain management functions, including registration login management, rights management, task management, data management, fault management, status monitoring, and remote diagnosis. , parameter query and configuration, event processing, remote control, remote upgrade, etc. If you need to realize the manageability of the whole network, you must not only realize the management of the gateway device itself, but also further realize the management of each node in the subnet through the gateway, such as obtaining the information of the node's logo, status, attributes, etc., as well as remote wake-up, control, Diagnosis, upgrade maintenance, etc. According to the technical standards of the subnets and the complexity of the protocols, the management contents that can be performed are quite different.
Where the application direction of the Internet of Things gateway has IoT applications, there must be an IoT gateway. Through the sensor connected to the sensing layer, radio frequency (RFID), micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), intelligent embedded terminals, the application of IoT gateway will cover intelligent transportation, environmental protection, government work, public safety, safe home, intelligent fire protection, industry Monitoring, environmental monitoring, street lighting control, landscape lighting control, building lighting control, square lighting control, elderly care, personal health, flower cultivation, water monitoring, food traceability, enemy reconnaissance and intelligence gathering. The protocols and gateways used by IoT gateways in different application directions are different, but their basic functions are to convert all kinds of information collected by the sensing layer into high-speed data through the relevant protocols to achieve high-speed data transmission to the Internet, and at the same time realize certain management functions.
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