Optical fiber transceiver is an indispensable device in network data transmission. So what is an optical fiber transceiver? What are the components of an optical fiber transceiver? What role does the optical fiber transceiver play in the data transmission process?
The optical fiber transceiver includes three basic functional modules: photoelectric medium conversion chip, optical signal interface (optical transceiver integrated module) and electrical signal interface (RJ45). If equipped with network management function, it also includes network management information processing unit. Optical fiber transceiver is an Ethernet transmission media conversion unit that exchanges short-distance twisted-pair electrical signals and long-distance optical signals. It is also called a fiber converter in many places. The product is generally used in the actual network environment where the Ethernet cable cannot cover and must use optical fiber to extend the transmission distance, and is usually located at the access layer application of the broadband metropolitan area network; at the same time, it is helping to connect the last kilometer line of the optical fiber to the metropolitan area The network and the outer layers also play a huge role.
In some large-scale enterprises, optical fiber is directly used as the transmission medium to establish the backbone network during network construction, and the transmission medium of the internal LAN is generally copper wire. How to connect the LAN to the optical fiber backbone network? This requires conversion between different ports, different linear shapes, and different optical fibers to ensure link quality. The emergence of optical fiber transceivers converts electrical signals and optical signals of twisted pairs into each other, ensuring the smooth transmission of data packets between the two networks. At the same time, it extends the transmission distance limit of the network from 100 meters of copper wire to more than 100 kilometers ( Single-mode fiber).
What are the basic characteristics of fiber optic transceivers:
1. Fully transparent to network protocols.
2. Provide ultra-low latency data transmission.
3. Support ultra wide working temperature range.
4. Adopt special ASIC chip to realize data line speed forwarding. Programmable ASICs concentrate multiple functions on a single chip, which has the advantages of simple design, high reliability, and low power consumption. It can enable the device to obtain higher performance and lower cost.
5. The network management equipment can provide network diagnosis, upgrade, status report, abnormal situation report and control functions, and can provide complete operation log and alarm log.
6. Rack-type equipment can provide hot-swap function for easy maintenance and uninterrupted upgrade.
7. Support complete transmission distance (0 ～ 120 kilometers).
8. The equipment mostly adopts 1 + 1 power supply design, supports ultra-wide power supply voltage, and realizes power supply protection and automatic switching.
Classification of fiber optic transceivers:
There are many types of fiber optic transceivers, and their types change accordingly according to different classification methods.
According to the nature of optical fiber, it can be divided into multimode fiber transceiver and single mode fiber transceiver. Due to the different optical fibers used, the transceiver can transmit different distances. Multi-mode transceivers generally have a transmission distance of 2 kilometers to 5 kilometers, while single-mode transceivers can cover a range from 20 kilometers to 120 kilometers;
According to the required optical fiber, it can be divided into single-fiber optical fiber transceiver: the data sent and received is transmitted on one optical fiber; dual-fiber optical fiber transceiver: the data sent and received is transmitted on a pair of optical fibers.
According to the working level / rate, it can be divided into single 10M, 100M optical fiber transceiver, 10 / 100M adaptive optical fiber transceiver and 1000M optical fiber transceiver. According to the structure, it can be divided into desktop (independent) optical fiber transceiver and rack-type optical fiber transceiver. The desktop optical fiber transceiver is suitable for use by a single user, such as satisfying the uplink of a single switch in the corridor. Rack-type (modular) fiber optic transceivers are suitable for the aggregation of multiple users. For example, the central computer room of a cell must meet the uplink of all switches in the cell.
According to network management, it can be divided into network management type optical fiber transceiver and non-network management type optical fiber transceiver.
According to the type of management, it can be divided into non-managed Ethernet fiber optic transceivers: plug and play, and set the working mode of the electrical port through the hardware dial switch. Managed Ethernet fiber optic transceiver: support carrier-grade network management
According to the type of power supply, it can be divided into built-in power fiber transceiver: built-in switching power supply is a carrier-grade power supply; external power fiber transceiver: external transformer power supply is mostly used in civilian equipment. The advantage of the former is that it can support ultra-wide power supply voltage, better realize voltage stabilization, filtering and equipment power protection, and reduce external failure points caused by mechanical contact; the latter has the advantage of small size and low price.
Divided according to working mode, full duplex means that when data transmission and reception are split and transmitted by two different transmission lines, both parties can communicate and send at the same time. Such transmission The mode is full-duplex. The full-duplex mode does not need to switch directions. Therefore, there is no time delay caused by the switching operation; half duplex mode (half duplex) refers to using the same transmission line for both reception and transmission, although Data can be transmitted in both directions, but the two parties cannot communicate at the same time. Such a transmission method is half-duplex. When the half-duplex mode is adopted, the transmitter and receiver at each end of the communication system are switched to the communication line through the receiving / transmitting switch to switch the direction, so a time delay will occur.
These are my basic common knowledge about fiber optic transceivers. Only after we have a basic understanding of fiber optic transceivers will we be sure when applying them, so as not to add trouble to the projects under construction.
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