The Internet of Things is actually an extension of the Internet. The terminals of the Internet are computers (PCs, servers). All the programs we run are nothing more than data processing and data transmission in computers and networks. No other terminals are involved except computers. (hardware).
The nature of the Internet of Things is still the Internet, but the terminal is no longer a computer (PC, server), but an embedded computer system and its associated sensors. This is the inevitable result of the development of computer science and technology. Computers that serve humans are in various forms, such as wearable devices, environmental monitoring devices, virtual reality devices, and so on. As long as there are hardware or products connected to the Internet and data interaction occurs, the Internet of Things is called.
However, the concept of the Internet of Things is currently being overheated. The deaf people began to learn embedded technology about 10 years ago. At that time, there was no word on the Internet of Things or smart hardware. I believe that many seniors were like me at that time, learning MCU programming, we all use the "single-chip microcomputer" to summarize the industry. Around 2012, a lot of hot money poured out of the housing market into the capital market. It was at this time that a large wave of vocabulary came on. The server technology is called "cloud", the single-chip microcomputer is called "intelligent hardware", the network single-chip microcomputer application is called "Internet of things", and the onboard microcontroller application is called "car networking." . . Ha ha. This phenomenon is the necessity of commercial progress. We can only follow the change of face when we engage in technology. Whoever calls salaries is the boss.
However, due to the technical bottleneck, the development of the Internet of Things cannot actually burst as it did in the Internet. Or to change the popular point of view, we have not found a lot of Internet of Things applications, in fact, is the icing on the cake, the demand is not so strong, which is why many smart hardware is not selling well is not the root cause; precisely because Demand reasons, so there will be no sustained investment in commercial taxis, and will certainly restrain the further development of technology.
This year, this wave of investment has cooled a lot, but in this wave, there have been many changes in our society. The first is more and more people who pay attention to the Internet of Things, and there are more and more practitioners. Moreover, many universities also offer related courses, and the government has also introduced industry encouragement policies. Earlier we said that the concept of the Internet of Things has been overheated. Therefore, there are two types of people who are most confused in the large-scale Internet of Things. One is the entrepreneur who focuses on the Internet of Things and the other is the student of the Internet of Things. The monks once belonged to the first category.
The technology prospects of the Internet of Things are broad. Some air purifier products, wearable devices, and home environment monitoring devices that have been listed in recent years have not existed in the past. In the current consumer context, they are serving the public. In the future there will be more new-type devices. These are the inevitable results of the development of Internet of Things technology. Therefore, the research and development of the Internet of Things is a promising event.
However, the business outlook of the Internet of Things is complex, especially for entrepreneurs. This is not good news. Since entrepreneurship is certainly aimed at making money, the most profitable thing in human society is, in fact, only a few categories. The first is resources, then the tools to get resources, and information. Every enterprise wants to live well. There is only one goal, which is monopoly. However, most of the resources in the society are monopolized by large enterprises and small businesses are involved. They are often industries with low thresholds related to people's livelihood. They are fiercely competitive and make hard money. Back to the computer industry, although the computer industry is highly open, monopolies exist no less than other industries. Companies such as Intel and ARM basically monopolized the processor industry. Microsoft, Google (Android), and Apple monopolize the operating system. The Internet of Things is an emerging market. Although the current capacity is not large, every household is staring at it. For entrepreneurs, it is impossible to create a monopoly and it is difficult to survive. Entrepreneurs are mostly small companies. No matter how powerful technology you have, once you have a market, big companies can quickly invest several times your funds, imitate you in a very short period of time, and overwhelm you. If you are a small company, you can't put in funds and influence like a big company for publicity and promotion. So no matter how good the product is, it doesn't necessarily sell well. This is the fact that every technology entrepreneur has to face.
It is precisely because of the above pressure that many entrepreneurs are very confused. I have been working in the Internet of Things industry for the past four years and I have met many of my peers, most of whom are entrepreneurs. These entrepreneurs are very diligent, passionate about their own ideas, and often dare to insist. However, these are not useful. Most entrepreneurs have not reached today, because the money of investors will always be burned.
I think that in order to be successful, entrepreneurs in the Internet of Things industry should handle two issues. First of all, we should realize that the computer industry wants to break through monopoly. For large companies, it is technology accumulation. However, for individuals or small teams, the only way is to narrow down the user community. That is, we should focus on one area and one technology to solve a problem. If you say that your customers are everyone in the masses, then basically none of your things can be sold. But if your customer is a "Jetta car owner" + "installed electronic navigation system," then your things will be easier to sell. The advantage of narrowing the user base is that large companies will not come to grab food with you, and you can easily find your customers accurately and persuade them to buy yours. Second, individuals or small teams should not lose money at any moment. Otherwise, you will eventually find it difficult to maintain. The best state is that everyone has a job (revenue), but it is relatively free to work together to maintain a small product. Such a situation is often easy to succeed (finally the team or project is acquired by a big company, financial freedom, or The position rose).
For those who research and develop in the direction of the Internet of Things in large companies, naturally there is no need to worry about income. However, most of the time, they may accept assignments from the top. As a practitioner of Internet of Things technology, we should realize that there are still many aspects of technology in this industry that need to be broken through. Individuals will look at some of the technologies that need to be broken through as follows. Hopefully, R&D personnel in the direction of the Internet of Things can stay in their spare time. , do some technical accumulation in these areas:
1. At present, domestic low-power network technologies have not done well, including zigbee, in fact, it has been over-hyped.
2. The sensor and the sensor input part actually have a lot of space. The reason why people are smart is that they have a lot to do with the hand, eyes, mouth, nose, and ears. However, the eyes, ears and ears of the computer's hand, no one can relate to people. ratio. Since it is difficult for individuals to accumulate on chip technology, they can only do algorithms. For visual identification technology, there are great potentials in various fields and research accumulation can be done.
3. The tool to reduce the difficulty of research and development can be focused on. At present, the Internet of Things is still in the stage of teaching promotion. It can quickly help practitioners improve the tools for R&D efficiency and can study accumulation. (The monk is doing this one)
4. Speech dialogue algorithms in specific environments can be studied. At present, all speech recognition is almost nothing but speech-to-text. Then, computers perform tasks through lexical analysis and basically do not have contextual dialogue. Speech dialogues in non-specific environments, it is estimated that foreign Apple, Google, Domestic Information Technology, Tencent, and Baidu are all researching. Individuals and technicians are basically unnecessary and have no chance. However, under certain circumstances (such as auto-navigation of the environment, people's instructions will only focus on the topic of "navigation"), speech dialogue is a very efficient input and output tool, and worthy of personal research and accumulation.
About NB-IoTAs we all know, the Internet of Things has opened the era of "Internet of Everything." Since it is the "Internet of Everything," it is first and foremost to solve the problem of the connection between "thing" and "net." Therefore, I think "connection technology" determines the direction of the development of the Internet of Things.
In order to meet the connectivity requirements of the Internet of Things devices, LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) has emerged. LPWAN is designed for low-bandwidth, low-power, long-distance, massively connected IoT applications. There are two main categories: One is LoRa technology that works on unlicensed spectrum; the other is NB-IoT that works on licensed spectrum.
(1) Compared with NB-IoT, LoRa is based on Sub-GHz frequency band to make it easier to communicate with lower power consumption over long distances. It can use battery-powered or other energy-gathering methods to supply power;
(2) LoRa's lower data rate also extends battery life and increases network capacity;
(3) The longer wavelength of the LoRa signal determines its penetration and obstacle avoidance capabilities;
(4) LoRa dedicated gateway can expand more customized functions according to site and customer requirements, such as advertising push, multiple network access and so on.
These technical features are more suitable for low-cost large-scale IoT deployments and work in enterprise-specific private networks. LoRa's ease of construction and deployment has attracted the attention and follow-up of more and more domestic companies. For example, a number of LoRa-based solutions developed and researched by Ruijie Networks, a veteran digital communications company in China, include intelligent meter reading applications for the Internet of Things, intelligent parking applications for the Internet of Things, smart manhole cover monitoring for the Internet of Things, and intelligent street lighting monitoring for the Internet of Things. Business scene.
LoRaWAN is a low-power wide area network specification introduced by the LoRa Alliance. LoRaWAN targets some of the core needs of the Internet of Things -- two-way communication. The LoRaWAN network architecture is a typical star topology. In this network architecture, the LoRa gateway is a transparent relay that connects the front-end terminal equipment and the back-end server. However, in many practical application scenarios, the network topology is mostly a mesh structure or a multi-level relay networking structure. This normative protocol often cannot solve the conflict between communication speed, transmission distance, real-time performance, low power consumption and multi-level networking.
Once the link between "material" and "net" has been solved and the cost is controlled within the acceptable range, it is believed that the "Internet of Everything" era can really come.
After talking about entrepreneurs, I am also talking about IoT professional learners in major universities.
In fact, I personally don’t recommend that IOT specialization be offered in undergraduate courses because IoT professional is not a basic subject. In undergraduate courses, a school with no capacity, that is, a nephew, will pit a lot of people. A school with a bit of ability cannot expect to learn something from students under the current teaching framework. The reason for this is that the Internet of Things covers too much content.
1. Number of electricity model, microcontroller programming technology: To do things networking products, at least, you can understand the circuit board, you have to write a few lines of code to the microcontroller, point a water lamp. You know, this used to be a four-year study in automation. The circuit board is well painted. Even in the capital city of the inland province, the monthly salary is tens of thousands. The microcontroller is well written and the monthly salary is the same as 10,000. What kind of Internet of Things?
2. Network Technology: Light to the single-chip computer programming stand-alone program is not enough, you have to be able to let the microcontroller Internet access, or what is called Internet of things. Since the Internet, the simplest "client-server" model, you have to put a server in the cloud. Not to mention the server program you have to write, to Ali cloud to buy a server, bind a domain name, it is estimated that you have to toss a week. Write server programs, that is a professional in the undergraduate ah, at least VC to learn it (fashion point java). You will be on the position machine, and will be single-chip, then you are a full stack engineer, ah, this salary is not higher?
3. Wireless technology: Many products, one optical single chip is not enough, you have to have a whole lot of single-chip microcomputers, and then a number of single-chip computers and the entire network, which involves the networking. With wifi, power consumption is too high. With zigbee, the light protocol will kill you. With Bluetooth, people's architecture is not so complete. Then you have to write it yourself, from the driver to the networking protocol, you have to be able to write full, there is no problem, after that what software architecture you can not ah?
4. Sensor technology: For now, many sensors are digital, and the value is directly lost. The microcontroller can be used simply by connecting it. But the problem is the amount of more, measure the temperature, there is a temperature sensor; measure light it, there is a light sensor; measure the air, there is an air quality sensor; there are acceleration sensors, heart rate sensors, color sensors, decibel sensors. . . University is also four years, learning SCM programming is estimated to be three years, you see the rest of your time can be a whole a few bars.
5. Terminal Technology (App): Internet of Things Internet, where do you put the user ah, always give the user to lose an App to see the status of the product, then you have to learn how to do App. You have to learn both iOS and Android, otherwise users will have to reduce it by half.
Therefore, the Internet of Things course offered by the undergraduate program is really a pit. It is obviously impossible for the school to teach it. Even if the school is willing to teach, the students will not be able to learn. Give a suggestion of feasibility:
1. A clear and correct view of technology, the Internet of Things is an industry, not a professional. Learning any technology in the Internet of Things can be a one-on-one experience and quickly realize the accumulation of personal value (the income is very good). If you are greedy and greedy, there will be no benefit other than giving you endless disappointments and blows.
2. Clear and correct direction of development, the Internet of Things involves software, hardware, the Internet, App and other fields, as individuals, it can only be the same. If you are doing hardware, then you should learn how to count the number of electrical modules, application circuits, wiring board, sensor characteristics, and so on. If it is to do software, a clear direction, it is generally recommended that the undergraduate stage to learn a good microcontroller programming, familiar with one or two sensors or applications, do one or two small products can be. After graduating, you can gradually transition, learn to cooperate with other engineers, learn to use the network, and more to practice.
3. Practice is greater than theory, learning Internet of things or embedded must be started, more works. With more works, not only can we increase our technological capabilities and understand the architecture of the Internet of Things. The most important thing is to increase our confidence. Most of the differences between people are in education, and the success or failure of education is a very important evaluation method. Of course, since the Internet of Things is generally a system product, it is recommended that learners can make products based on a mature framework, so that it is easy to make a complete product successfully. You can use our cool sharing system, is also one of the choices.
4. After graduation, try not to go to start-up companies, but start-up companies rarely recruit students. Must go to the core team of medium-sized companies or large companies, even if it is miscellaneous. Regardless of whether the future is intended to be a market or a technology, it must be remembered that when graduates and graduates work, they must think of ways to enter the company's core R&D team. If a large company cannot enter, the smaller ones can't enter the smaller ones. Some people may ask, people do not necessarily want me. Yes, people don't necessarily want you. The Internet of Things that you made during your undergraduate course is a stepping stone.
5. After you get employed, don't rush to succeed, get bored, and follow the technical leader of the team to do the technology. What to do, do more to develop applications in different areas, more solid technical friends. Three or five years later, one day, you will find that you have a technology, a team, and can make any product, your road will be wide.
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