Li Nong participated in the water environment landscape design of the Water Cube.
Interviewee: Li Nong, Ph.D., the first Ph.D. in overseas lighting environment in China's lighting industry, Professor of School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Beijing Institute of Technology, Director of Urban Lighting Planning and Design Institute
Keywords: light environment, night scene, light culture, light pollution
What is "light environment"? How does it differ from the "night scene" of the city that ordinary people understand?
Li Nong: We usually talk about the city's "night scene," and more from the perceptual point of view, we appreciate the combination of light and night scenes, and focus on the sense of the screen. The "light environment" does not mean "light and environment". Strictly speaking, this is a technical term that combines technology and art. The focus of attention is on the distribution of light, the design and layout of light, and how it forms itself. Light environment. Of course, the creation of "light environment" must also take into account the relationship with the surrounding environment. In general, balance and coordination should be considered, namely light and dark coordination, color coordination, coordination of expressions, and so on.
What is the process of building a city's light environment?
Li Nong: In the city, landscape lighting is something icing on the cake, so the formation and application of this discipline are closely related to the local economic conditions. Shanghai Bund took the lead in lighting construction in 1989. Since then, the city’s light environment has undergone a gradual shift from the big cities and the southeast coast to the interior. Beijing started with the construction of landscape lighting in the Tiananmen area in the 1990s.
I returned to Japan from Japan in 1997. At that time, the scale of lighting design and planning in Chinese cities was still very small, technicians were scarce, and projects that were already under construction were also very problematic. For example, in the Tian'anmen area, glare has once been evident. Looking down from the tower, the light will be very dazzling. Until now, the lighting of the Tiananmen Square and the monument has undergone several improvements.
Please tell us about your concept of "light culture"?
Li Nong: We always say that urban construction must have a taste, and light environment design is no exception. But what is grade? It is usually understood that there is cultural connotation. For a city, the most unique and unique, I am afraid that is its regional culture. The integration of regional cultural features into the light environment design is at the heart of the "optical culture" theory.
How is the development of the light environment in Beijing?
Li Nong: As early as ten years ago, Beijing had a preliminary plan for the construction of urban landscape lighting, which mainly centered on Chang'an Avenue and the north-south axis of the axis. Now, the appearance of Chang'an Avenue has basically been presented, and the light environment of the north-south axis is still under construction. Before 2004, Beijing's urban landscape lighting construction was basically scattered around key areas. The only thing to do afterwards was to string together the scattered parts to form a harmonious and unified whole. Now this process is still in progress. . In addition, before taking the Olympic Games as an opportunity, Beijing basically completed the construction of landscape lighting on the Second Ring Road and the Third Ring Road, and now it is gradually moving beyond the Fourth Ring Road and the Fourth Ring Road. It cannot help but to say that because of the "overdraft" of the Olympics, after the Olympic Games, there were not many landmark projects. Therefore, it seems that the two years have not been as pronounced as before.
Xi'an's light environment seems to change a lot?
Li Nong: Most of Xi'an's light environment design projects are more eye-catching and “hot†than Beijing’s. This is not only a matter of cultural genes, but also because Xi’an is not the capital and there are not so many things to worry about as in Beijing. Beijing’s plan pursues a major atmosphere. In addition to cultural genes, the actual institutional strength is also one of the reasons for deeper, more stable and less risky.
"Light pollution" is getting more and more attention. What performance does it have in the city? How should we respond?
Li Nong: The light pollution in the city can be divided into two major categories: One is the pollution to the sky. The most important manifestation is that the city lights escape into the sky, the sky is no longer dark, and it is difficult to see the stars again. The other type is mainly people's influence. We generally call it "light interference." In a broad sense, the influence of light on animals and plants is also included in the scope of "light interference."
The demand for lighting and light pollution itself are a contradiction. Therefore, strictly speaking, light pollution cannot be completely eradicated in cities. The first thing we can do is to rationalize the layout. For example, a large area of ​​floodlighting should avoid residential areas and office areas. In addition, the degree of light pollution can be reduced by technical means. The serious light pollution in Chinese cities is mainly related to a large number of floodlighting methods. This is both a problem with luminaires and it is also related to maintenance not being in place.
Does the light environment planning also have a "main tone" design problem?
Li Nong: From the perspective of the entire city, the formation of the main colors of lighting is limited by the light source technology. Nowadays street lights in cities all over the world use sodium lamps, which also determines that their main colors must be orange. More specific are the fluorescent lamps used in Japan and Japan, but the main colors of urban lighting are still orange and yellow, but the degree is different. It is difficult to make any articles on this in the total return stage. However, with the promotion of LED light sources in the future, the main colors of urban lighting will change.
If we look at the regional level, different city areas have different functions, but they can form different main colors. For example, the area of ​​the government office building is relatively quiet, so its architectural lighting is basically yellow and white. As for entertainment areas such as commercial areas and bar streets, the colors are naturally more dazzling and richer, of which the red is most used. This is due to both the commercial tradition and because at night, the red light is more transparent to fog. Also more eye-catching. Therefore, the characteristics of lighting tone in commercial neighborhoods are also the most obvious.
Interviewee: Li Nong, Ph.D., the first Ph.D. in overseas lighting environment in China's lighting industry, Professor of School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Beijing Institute of Technology, Director of Urban Lighting Planning and Design Institute
Keywords: light environment, night scene, light culture, light pollution
What is "light environment"? How does it differ from the "night scene" of the city that ordinary people understand?
Li Nong: We usually talk about the city's "night scene," and more from the perceptual point of view, we appreciate the combination of light and night scenes, and focus on the sense of the screen. The "light environment" does not mean "light and environment". Strictly speaking, this is a technical term that combines technology and art. The focus of attention is on the distribution of light, the design and layout of light, and how it forms itself. Light environment. Of course, the creation of "light environment" must also take into account the relationship with the surrounding environment. In general, balance and coordination should be considered, namely light and dark coordination, color coordination, coordination of expressions, and so on.
What is the process of building a city's light environment?
Li Nong: In the city, landscape lighting is something icing on the cake, so the formation and application of this discipline are closely related to the local economic conditions. Shanghai Bund took the lead in lighting construction in 1989. Since then, the city’s light environment has undergone a gradual shift from the big cities and the southeast coast to the interior. Beijing started with the construction of landscape lighting in the Tiananmen area in the 1990s.
I returned to Japan from Japan in 1997. At that time, the scale of lighting design and planning in Chinese cities was still very small, technicians were scarce, and projects that were already under construction were also very problematic. For example, in the Tian'anmen area, glare has once been evident. Looking down from the tower, the light will be very dazzling. Until now, the lighting of the Tiananmen Square and the monument has undergone several improvements.
Please tell us about your concept of "light culture"?
Li Nong: We always say that urban construction must have a taste, and light environment design is no exception. But what is grade? It is usually understood that there is cultural connotation. For a city, the most unique and unique, I am afraid that is its regional culture. The integration of regional cultural features into the light environment design is at the heart of the "optical culture" theory.
How is the development of the light environment in Beijing?
Li Nong: As early as ten years ago, Beijing had a preliminary plan for the construction of urban landscape lighting, which mainly centered on Chang'an Avenue and the north-south axis of the axis. Now, the appearance of Chang'an Avenue has basically been presented, and the light environment of the north-south axis is still under construction. Before 2004, Beijing's urban landscape lighting construction was basically scattered around key areas. The only thing to do afterwards was to string together the scattered parts to form a harmonious and unified whole. Now this process is still in progress. . In addition, before taking the Olympic Games as an opportunity, Beijing basically completed the construction of landscape lighting on the Second Ring Road and the Third Ring Road, and now it is gradually moving beyond the Fourth Ring Road and the Fourth Ring Road. It cannot help but to say that because of the "overdraft" of the Olympics, after the Olympic Games, there were not many landmark projects. Therefore, it seems that the two years have not been as pronounced as before.
Xi'an's light environment seems to change a lot?
Li Nong: Most of Xi'an's light environment design projects are more eye-catching and “hot†than Beijing’s. This is not only a matter of cultural genes, but also because Xi’an is not the capital and there are not so many things to worry about as in Beijing. Beijing’s plan pursues a major atmosphere. In addition to cultural genes, the actual institutional strength is also one of the reasons for deeper, more stable and less risky.
"Light pollution" is getting more and more attention. What performance does it have in the city? How should we respond?
Li Nong: The light pollution in the city can be divided into two major categories: One is the pollution to the sky. The most important manifestation is that the city lights escape into the sky, the sky is no longer dark, and it is difficult to see the stars again. The other type is mainly people's influence. We generally call it "light interference." In a broad sense, the influence of light on animals and plants is also included in the scope of "light interference."
The demand for lighting and light pollution itself are a contradiction. Therefore, strictly speaking, light pollution cannot be completely eradicated in cities. The first thing we can do is to rationalize the layout. For example, a large area of ​​floodlighting should avoid residential areas and office areas. In addition, the degree of light pollution can be reduced by technical means. The serious light pollution in Chinese cities is mainly related to a large number of floodlighting methods. This is both a problem with luminaires and it is also related to maintenance not being in place.
Does the light environment planning also have a "main tone" design problem?
Li Nong: From the perspective of the entire city, the formation of the main colors of lighting is limited by the light source technology. Nowadays street lights in cities all over the world use sodium lamps, which also determines that their main colors must be orange. More specific are the fluorescent lamps used in Japan and Japan, but the main colors of urban lighting are still orange and yellow, but the degree is different. It is difficult to make any articles on this in the total return stage. However, with the promotion of LED light sources in the future, the main colors of urban lighting will change.
If we look at the regional level, different city areas have different functions, but they can form different main colors. For example, the area of ​​the government office building is relatively quiet, so its architectural lighting is basically yellow and white. As for entertainment areas such as commercial areas and bar streets, the colors are naturally more dazzling and richer, of which the red is most used. This is due to both the commercial tradition and because at night, the red light is more transparent to fog. Also more eye-catching. Therefore, the characteristics of lighting tone in commercial neighborhoods are also the most obvious.