In China's surveillance market, digital hard disk recorders (DVRs) once occupied half of the video surveillance market. However, with the development of network surveillance, network cameras (IPCs) and network hard disk recorders (NVRs) have also caught up. Among them, video intelligence analysis is becoming a hot spot for digital video surveillance, and DSP has become the driving force of this technology. A powerful SoC system is also one of the driving forces of intelligent analytics.
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From the development trend of technology, network video surveillance will gradually become the mainstream mode; this is an unquestionable trend. With the development of network monitoring, intelligent video analysis has become the next important direction for the development of IP video surveillance. However, for most chip manufacturers and system manufacturers, as IP video surveillance gradually develops toward high-definition and intelligent, it brings new challenges to them in addition to huge market opportunities. The main technical trends in designing digital video surveillance systems are high image quality (1080p resolution), video analysis, intelligent management, IP, H.264 video compression standards, higher image signal processing resolution, and device functionality for applications. And with the project algorithm function. These new trends have made it necessary for developers to face low power, low cost and environmental challenges.
Powerful SoC system
TI's digital signal processor (DSP) has strongly promoted the development of digital video surveillance technology, the milestone of which is the TMS320DM642 universal digital media processor. DavinciTM, a digital media processing single-chip system introduced by TI, provides a powerful platform for digital video surveillance. Da Vinci's various series of platforms can completely cover the various application directions of digital video surveillance, including ARM as the main control processor and DSP as the main processor. The common feature is that it can support multiple video compression formats, including H.264/MPEG-4, etc. All DSP cores have the ability to support VCA.
Currently, DSPSoC-based solutions dominate the surveillance market. At the same time, some FPGA vendors hope to show their advantages in terms of differentiation and customization. By combining FPGA devices with MPU/DSP for monitoring applications, designers can benefit from the inherent flexibility of programmable coprocessors, and FPGAs can be focused on developing algorithms to take full advantage of MPU/DSP Processing power. Some manufacturers use the DSP FPGA in their multi-channel video surveillance system hardware platform, using TI's TMS320DM6437, only one digital video input interface, in order to connect 8 video decoders, need to be in the video decoder The coupling logic is added to the DSP's video input interface, and the programmable FPGA can easily implement the coupling logic between the two.
In order to meet the needs of the digital video surveillance market in the future, more flexibility is necessary. Video compression technology will develop to intelligent codec. Traditional monitoring should be developed to real-time intelligent analysis. Optical systems will be integrated with digital electronic systems. Combine more closely.
DSP processor enhances intelligent analysis processing capability
After several generations of technology evolution, video surveillance systems are moving toward networking (IP) and intelligence. In addition, the coexistence of analog and digital surveillance systems will be a feature of the Chinese security market in the next few years. As a medium-to-high-end solution, DSP is the mainstream processor in China's surveillance market. ASICSoC is a latecomer and has a certain impact on the market. In addition, FPGAs are also trying to enter the market, but there are no obvious examples of success. Since there is no standard algorithm for intelligent analysis and processing at this stage, intelligent video analysis processing based on different compression formats will have a very different MIPS requirements for DSP, so algorithm optimization is critical. Because of its flexibility and high performance, DSP is better at intelligent analysis processing.
The ideal DSP processor for image processing applications must have the following features: strong core processing capability; instruction set for image processing; low-power hardware architecture for easy data transfer; high integration; rich software module library ; powerful development tools. For video surveillance systems, the most appropriate control and processing should be a converged processor that combines control functions and digital signal processing functions.
Most of China's early domestic video surveillance products use DSP. In multi-channel, high-resolution video codec applications, DSP software is difficult to meet system requirements. The FPGA uses a hardware acceleration method to perform multi-channel compression in real time. The advantages of FPGAs are programmable, making them ideal for applications that require flexibility and differentiation. At present, video surveillance products using FPGA chips have been mass-produced.
H.264 video codec technology
In the history of video surveillance, there have been several video compression standards. Standards defined for the low bit rate video telephony defined by the International Telecommunication Union ITU, including H.261/2/3; defined by the International Organization for Standardization ISO for consumer applications, MPEG standards for motion picture compression, including MPEG1/2 /4; The H.264 codec technology is defined by the ITU and ISO based on the target application cooperation (Joint Video Team JVT), and some standards still exist today. At present, M-JPEG, MPEG4 and H.264 are mainly used in the application. We compare these standards by the following points.
Implementation cost: including the complexity of the algorithm implementation and the degree of resource possession, the difficulty and cost of technology acquisition, and the cost of its final implementation in the product;
Coding performance: mainly reflected in the same main and objective visual quality, the size of the code stream obtained after compression, which is very important for network transmission and storage;
Network support: The quality of network support depends mainly on the fault tolerance of network packet loss and error and the adaptive ability of the support network;
Application support scope: Due to the ever-changing application requirements in the video surveillance field, the support capability of a platform for different needs is also very important;
Future potential: From a development perspective, the potential of a standard is reflected in the extent to which the industry is accepted in the future, the smoothness of conversions in related applications, and the degree of support for interconnection.
In video surveillance products, the encoder is always the focus of the solution, and a suitable encoder solution can often determine the success or failure of a product. The H.264 coding scheme is becoming the mainstream of the market, and it has been widely recognized by the market for its excellent coding performance and good network adaptability. It not only supports a wide range of applications, but also meets the needs of different resolutions, different bit rates, and different transmission and storage environments.
H.264 is an advanced video processing technology. It is recognized by industry insiders that under the same video playback quality conditions, H.264 saves nearly 40% of the transmission bandwidth or hard disk storage space compared with MPEG4, which is undoubtedly the promotion application of remote monitoring. To a very important role. However, the coding efficiency of H.264 is at the cost of much more computational complexity than MPEG4. It uses the most advanced diurnal prediction mode, including complex motion estimation, 1/2 and 1/4 pixel prediction; far more than MPEG4. The advanced intra-prediction mode includes up to 13 intra-prediction modes; H.264 introduces a new in-loop filtering technology that contributes significantly to the dramatic improvement in video playback quality.
However, the application of new technologies requires a large amount of arithmetic processing, and new requirements are also put forward for the video codec processing platform. For video codecs in software form, such as codecs implemented by general-purpose processors such as DSP, due to the limitation of processing power, only a lot of H.264's most advanced technologies can be discarded (such as intra- and inter-code prediction modes, rings). Road filtering, etc.), the result is that its encoding effect returns to the level of MPEG4. What is more serious is that the code stream output by such an encoder does not conform to the H.264 standard, and all general-purpose decoders cannot be combined with an open system. With a non-standard encoder, the user can only choose to use a non-standard decoder that is compatible with it, thus becoming a closed system.
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