The high temperatures after the summer of this year have enabled many provinces and cities in China to create new electricity records. According to data from the National Energy Research Center, China’s energy consumption is 2.5 times that of the United States, five times that of the European Union, and nine times that of Japan, for every US$1 million in gross domestic product. The same is the shortage of electricity, how does foreign countries improve the utilization of electricity and energy? What power saving measures are worth learning? Germany: State policy support, civil self-sufficiency In the late 1970s and early 1990s, Germany experienced a severe power crisis called the “black ageâ€. In order to avoid a repeat of history, since 1992, Germany has launched an energy-saving campaign, and energy saving is an important part of it. Dr. Wilson Brand, head of the German Ministry of Energy News Office, told reporters that Germany lacks energy, and oil and natural gas rely mainly on imports. Electricity consumption is the bulk of energy consumption. Saving electricity is reducing the consumption of coal and natural gas. Therefore, Germany regards electricity saving as an important national policy. In August 2004, Germany introduced a new “Renewable Energy Law†to guarantee certain subsidies for renewable energy generation in the next 20 years. The new regulations clearly state that by 2020, renewable energy generation should account for 20% of Germany's total electricity generation. At the same time, the government will continue to implement economic stimulus measures, use preferential loans and subsidies to help renewable energy enter the city to encourage the development and utilization of solar energy. The government implemented the “100,000 solar roof plan†and provided concessional loans for this purpose. In 2004, renewable energy such as hydropower and wind power generated more than 10% of all electricity supply in Germany. In accordance with the European Union's "Energy Consumption Labeling Regulations", Germany has also established a system for labeling energy consumption levels of products, which stipulates that EU energy labels must be attached to electrical appliances so that the public can identify the power consumption of electrical appliances when purchasing household appliances. The government's power-saving policy has forced some high-power-consuming enterprises with backward technology to change their production models and move toward "power saving and high-tech content." The new technology has played a great role in the “power saving movementâ€: some refrigerators will make a “alarm†sound when they open the door for more than 30 seconds, reminding the user to close the door in time; an air conditioner with an automatic dust collector only consumes 884 per year. Degree; a power plant even uses the "urine dampness" used by children to generate electricity. The reporter found that in the public places in Germany, the phenomenon that large-scale urban landscape lighting facilities are lit up all night is rare. Many shops close the door and the lights on the window will be closed. In the government residential apartment buildings, most of the public lights in the corridors use automatic power-off devices. Many residents have solar panels installed. When the night, the cloudy sky or the solar power is not enough, the power company supplies power to it; and when the sun is strong and the solar power is not used up, the remaining power is transferred to the power company. The German Federal Environmental Agency estimates that at least 11% of household electricity is wasted in the electrical standby state. Therefore, Germans habitually turn off the power when they do not use televisions, computers, and other appliances. Every year from the end of March to October, Germany also implements daylight saving time so that one hour of daylighting can be used more. The large use of large glass windows and skylights on buildings also helps the interior to better utilize natural light illumination. Family women are the main force in saving electricity. To this end, the German government calls them “family power-saving leaders†and recommends that they use low-wattage bulbs at home and often clean the dust on the bulbs before preparing for electrical appliances. Work to reduce the number of switches and so on. The German Federal Consumer Center Federation and its affiliated state branches also provide information and consulting services on joint power. To facilitate the public, the German Energy Agency also opened a toll-free telephone service center to answer questions people have encountered in saving electricity. In order to promote energy saving among students, some schools require students to record their own daily electricity consumption, and supervise their families to save electricity. Hamburg Lidman School is the “National Environmental School†in 2004. The school saved a total of 8,000 euros in electricity and other expenses last year, and the government gave the 4000 euros to the school. Vice-President Mike said: "By promoting small things such as turning off the lights and not opening windows in winter, not only saves energy, but also provides the most direct environmental education for students." Thailand: Prime Minister takes the lead in energy conservation, and the people turn off the lights to save energy in Thailand. More lacking, more than half of the required energy needs to be imported. In response to the energy crisis, the Thai government has proposed the “Total Energy Saving Mobilizationâ€. The Prime Minister of Thailand, Thaksin, took the lead and shut down the lights and turned off the air conditioner every time he left the office. He also asked the Thai government to set the air conditioning temperature to 25 degrees Celsius. From 12 noon to 1 pm, the air conditioning power must be turned off and all office lights should be turned off. These two initiatives alone will save 1.2 billion baht a year (about $1 per 40 baht). In addition, the government also stipulates that government workers must turn off their computers after work, limiting the use of water heaters between 8 am and 9 am and between 2 pm and 3 pm. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Energy of Thailand, there are 337 government agencies in Thailand with 5,500 office buildings and 30,000 units. The above measures are implemented. Government agencies are expected to reduce energy consumption by 10% within one year and achieve energy-saving targets of about 1.5 billion baht. In order to make the awareness of energy conservation deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, Thaksin’s government designated June 1st, 2005 as the “Total People’s Energy Conservation Mobilization Dayâ€, calling on the whole people to work together to save energy. Prime Minister Thaksin took the lead in the first night of June 1 this year to extinguish the main lighting in the Prime Minister’s office. Then most of the indoor lighting and outdoor advertising lights in Bangkok have been extinguished one after another, and the whole city is temporarily “stunnedâ€. The whole of Thailand, including the largest city in the north, Chiang Mai, the famous tourist city of Pattaya, and other places where electricity is concentrated in Thailand, also participated in the event. The results show that in just 5 minutes, Thailand has saved 44,000 kWh of electricity. The Thai Ministry of Energy also promoted three energy-saving measures nationwide: First, about 7,700 large gas stations across the country were closed from midnight to 5 am. Second, the lights of outdoor commercial billboards were turned off at 10 o'clock in the evening. It is expected that this measure will save energy costs of 60 million to 70 million baht a year. Third, the street lights of some sections of the national highway line will be closed without affecting the safety of the people. The Department of Energy estimates that if energy conservation activities go well, Thailand can reduce spending by more than $200 million a year. In addition to vigorously promoting energy-saving campaigns, Thailand promotes clean energy and strengthens research and development of alternative energy sources such as bioenergy. Twenty years ago, oil was the most important source of electricity generation in Thailand, accounting for about 90%, and now natural gas power generation accounts for more than 70% of power generation. At the same time, the Thai government also encourages the use of waste and diversifies its energy sources as much as possible. Thailand is a major sugar producer. The government encourages sugar mills to use sugar cane to generate electricity. Bagasse, which was once treated as garbage, is now considered a treasure. Some sugar factories also buy garbage such as rice straw and sawdust to provide fuel for the power plant. In addition to supplying sugar factories, the electricity generated can also be used by residents in the vicinity of tens of kilometers. Brazil: The use of electricity is not enough to save Brazil's world's largest water in the Amazon River, with abundant water resources, and 92% of the country's electricity comes from hydropower. In normal years, Brazil's electricity supply is sufficient, and electricity is still in use under current production and living conditions. But the climate of conservation has gradually formed in Brazil and has become a conscious action of people. The “Power Saver Plan†is the main content of the power-saving measures implemented by the Brazilian government. The plan is set by the government's power department to establish a unified power consumption standard for electromechanical equipment, and to stipulate the upper limit of power consumption.
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